Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan: population, cities
Population
According to
Countryaah website, Turkmenistan has about 6.7 million residents.
Ethnic composition
77% of the residents of Turkmenistan are Turkmen, 9% Uzbeks, 7% Russians, 2%
Kazakhs, 1% Tatars, 1% each of Armenians, Azerbaijanis, Beludis and 0.5%
Ukrainians.
Religious
affiliation About 90% of the Turkmens belong to Islam. There are also Christians
as well as small Jewish and Baha'i communities.
National languages
Turkmen and Russian. Turkmen is one of the Turkic languages and is closely
related to Turkish and Azerbaijani, among others.
Capital, other cities
The capital of Turkmenistan is Ashgabat, with a population
of approximately 950,000. Other cities worth mentioning are:
- Dashhowuz with around 165,400 residents
- Nebitdag with around 108,000 residents
- Chärjew with around 203,000 residents
- Mary with around 123,000 residents
Turkmenistan: geography, map
Defined by DigoPaul, Turkmenistan is located in the southern part of Central Asia, on the Caspian
Sea. The country is divided into the following landscapes:
- Forest
About 8% of the country is forested area.
- Fields and fields
About 2% of the land is used as arable land or fields, especially for
growing cotton, fruit, vegetables and corn.
- Desert
About 85% of the area is covered by the Kara Kum Desert.
- Mountains
In Turkmenistan are the Kopet Dag Mountains and the Gissar Mountains.
National borders
Turkmenistan has a total land border of 3,651 km.
The country borders on four states with the following border lengths:
- Afghanistan with a length of around 744 km,
- Kazakhstan with a length of around 379 km,
- Iran with a length of around 992 km and
- Uzbekistan with a length of around 1,621 km.
Turkmenistan has no access to the open sea, but has a coastline to the
Caspian Sea with a length of 1,768 km.
Longitude and latitude
Turkmenistan extends over the following geographical latitude (abbreviation
Δφ) and geographical longitude (abbreviation Δλ):
| Δφ = from 32 ° to 42 ° north latitude
Δλ = from 52 ° to 66 ° east longitude |
You can find detailed information on this subject under Longitude and
Latitude.
Legal time
For Turkmenistan, the following value applies to Central European Time (CET),
i.e. the time (without summer time) in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. A
minus sign means that it is earlier there, a plus sign that it is later than
CET:
Further and detailed explanations of the time can be found under Time zones,
time.
The highest point of the sun in Ashgabat
Ashgabat lies at a northern latitude of around φ = 38 °.
When the sun or its image point is at the northern tropic, i.e. at δ = 23.5
°, summer begins in Ashgabat; this is June 21st. Accordingly, for the highest
position of the sun at noon, according to Eq. 1 (see position of the sun):
38 ° = (90 ° - h) + 23.5 °
so:
This is the highest level above the horizon (exactly: above the chimney) that
the sun occupies within the year in Ashgabat.
mountains
The highest mountain in the country is the Gora Ayribaba,
with a height of 3,139 m.
Other high mountains are:
- Gora Reza with a height of 2,942 m
- Gora Masinev with a height of 2,335 m
- Gora Tagarev with a height of 2,246 m.
Rivers
The longest river in the country is the Amu Darya with a
length of around 2,580 km.
Other rivers in the country are:
The Atrak, the Amudarja, the Murgab and
the Tedschen as well as the man-made Karakumskiy
Canal with a length of 1,400 km.
Lakes
Caspian Sea
Turkmenistan borders the Caspian Sea to the west. This body of water, also known
as Caspisee, is actually not a sea, but the largest lake in the world. It is not
a sea because it has no natural connection to the oceans. It is only called the
sea because of its gigantic size.
The lake extends between West Asia and Eastern Europe and borders not only on
Azerbaijan, but also on Russia, Kazakhstan, Iran and Turkmenistan. With an area
of around 386,400 km², the Caspian Sea is the largest land-enclosed body of
water in the world. Its extension between north and south is 1,200 kilometers,
while the east-west extension is 435 kilometers.
Of the many islands, which are mostly rather small and uninhabited, some off
Azerbaijan because of their oil deposits are of greater importance. Examples of
this are Bulla Island or Pirallahı Island. The largest island in Baku Bay is
Nargin. A Soviet military base used to be located here. Other large lakes in
Turkmenistan are the Sarikamisch Lake and the Karakum
Lake.
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